Park flora
There are more than 1900 species of plants growing on the territory of the Braslav Lakes National Park. Of these, 1236 are vascular, including 419 cultivated plant species; 165 species of moss; 180 species of lichen and 395 species of mushrooms.
Vascular plants
The list of flora of the Braslav Lakes National Park includes information on 1,236 species of vascular plants, which belong to 568 genera and 130 families. The list is based on native species, but adventitious plants are also included, including a very large group of introduced plants. Such examples on the territory of the Braslav Lakes National Park include Bidens connata, Echinocystis lobata, Acer negundo, Impatiens glandulifera, Ribes alpinum, Spiraea x rubella, which currently play an important role in the formation of natural plant communities of the national park.
The modern flora of the national park includes 6 species of the lycopodoid Lycopodiophyta, 8 of the horsetail Equisetophyta, 15 of the fern Pteridiophyta, 22 of the conifer Pinophyta and 1185 of the angiosperms Magnoliophyta.
In terms of species richness, the leading positions are occupied by the families: Asteraceae (129), Rosaceae (95), Poaceae (91), Cyperaceae (67), Fabaceae (53), Scrophulariaceae (43), Caryophyllaceae (41), Ranunculaceae (41), Lamiaceae (37), and Brassicaceae (31).
The national park is one of the most important protected areas for preserving populations of such protected species in the republic as Huprzia selago, Orobanche pallidiflora, Listera cordata, Carex pauciflora, Stellaria crassifolia and some others. In total, 42 species of protected vascular plants have been registered here according to literary, herbarium and departmental data. Among them is Epipógium aphýllum, a forest orchid that was considered extinct in Belarus for over 80 years.
Bryophytes
Currently, 216 species have been registered in the bryoflora of the Braslav Lakes National Park, which include 117 genera and 61 families, of which 21 families are liverworts and 40 are mosses.
Among the liverworts, the families Cephaloziaceae, Lophocoleaceae and Ricciaceae stand out in terms of the number of species (4 species each); among the mosses, the families Sphagnaceae stand out (22 species), Amblystegiaceae (17), Brachytheciaceae (16), Bryaceae (12), Dicranaceae (11), Mniaceae (10), Polytrichaceae (8), Pottiaceae (8), Pilaisiaceae (8), Orthotrichaceae (7), Thuidiaceae (6), Calliergonaceae (5), Grimmiaceae (5), and Plagiotheciae. Plagiotheciaceae (5).
The high degree of participation in the composition of the bryoflora of species of the families Sphagnaceae, Amblystegiaceae, Calliergonaceae and Thuidiaceae corresponds to the increased moisture content of the park territory. A significant proportion of the families Brachytheciaceae, Bryaceae, Dicranaceae, Mniaceae, Orthotrichaceae, Polytrichaceae, Plagiotheciaceae and others corresponds to the high forestation of the area. At the same time, the bryoflora of the park is depleted in marsh species of Bryaceae mosses, characterized mainly by the wide participation of sphagnum mosses, while hypnum bogs are poorly represented here.
Thus, the species composition of bryophytes in various plant communities and groups indicates the microclimate, humidity and trophicity of the substrate, the degree of disturbance of the natural ground vegetation cover. In general, the moss cover of the Braslav Lakes National Park indicates significant trophicity and sufficient moisture supply of its main territory.
Lichens
The lichen flora of the Braslav Lakes National Park contains 173 species. Two species are recorded for the first time for the territory of Belarus: Placinthium nigrum (Huds.) Gray and Sarcosagium campestre (Fr.) Poetsch & Schied. Two species rare for the Belarusian Poozerie have been discovered on the territory of the park: Cetrelia olivetorum (Nyl.) W.L. Cuib. & C.F. Culb. and Punctelia subrudecta (Nyl.) Krog. The lichens are listed in the Red Book of Belarus; these species have not been previously recorded for the territory of the park. Collemaflaccidum (Ach.) Ach. is on the list of preventive protection.
Mushrooms
On the territory of the Braslav Lakes National Park, 395 species of fungi of various taxonomic groups have been identified, of which 165 species are agaricoid, gasteroid and aphyllophoroid.
On woody species, marsupial fungi are most represented. 52 species of ascomycetes in the teleomorphic stage and 79 species in the anamorphic stage have been identified. Among ascomycetes, 4 species Microsphaera alphitoides, Microsphaeravandruntiana, Uncinula adunca and Uncinulasalicis are the causative agents of powdery mildew of oak, elder and willow. Discomycetes of the genus Lophodermium (3 species) cause pine and spruce shute. Anamorphic fungi are represented mainly by 67 species of hyphomycetes, only 12 species belong to coelomycetes.
Species of the genera Alternaria, Cladosporium, Cytospora, Fusarium, Phoma, Septoria, and Tubercularia pose a danger to the phytosanitary condition of the forest.
On shrub-herbaceous plants, 3 species of rust fungi, 2 species of powdery mildew from the genera Microsphaera, Oidium and 93 species of anamorphic fungi from 25 genera were identified.
Rare plant species
The natural flora of the national park includes 55 species of plants listed in the Red Book of the Republic of Belarus: 42 species of vascular plants, 4 species of bryophytes, 4 species of algae, 4 species of lichens.
|
№ п/п |
Russian name of the species |
Latin name of the species |
Category KKRB |
IUCN category |
|
Vascular plants |
||||
|
1. |
Плаунок заливаемый |
Lycopodiella inundata (L.) Holub |
IV |
NT |
|
2. |
Баранец обыкновенный |
Huperzia selago (L.) Bernh. ex Schrank et Mart. |
IV |
NT |
|
3. |
Гроздовник многораздельный |
Botrychium multifidum (S.G.Gmel.) Rupr. |
III |
VU |
|
4. |
Ветреница лесная |
Anemone sylvestris L. |
IV |
NT |
|
5. |
Звездчатка толстолистная |
Stellaria crassifolia Ehrh. |
III |
VU |
|
6. |
Зубянка луковичная |
Dentaria bulbifera L. |
IV |
NT |
|
7. |
Одноцветка одноцветковая |
Moneses uniflora (L.) A.Gray. |
III |
VU |
|
8. |
Кизильник черноплодный |
Cotoneaster melanocarpus Fisch. ex Blytt. |
II |
NT |
|
9. |
Линнея северная |
Linnaea borealis L. |
IV |
NT |
|
10. |
Заразиха бледноцветковая |
Orobanche pallidiflora Wimm. et Grab. |
I |
СR |
|
11. |
Колокольчик широколистный |
Campanula latifolia L. |
IV |
NT |
|
12. |
Гидрилла мутовчатая |
Hydrilla verticillata (L. fil.) Royle. |
II |
NT |
|
13. |
Лилия кудреватая, или царские кудри, саранка |
Lilium martagon L. |
IV |
NT |
|
14. |
Лук медвежий, черемша |
Allium ursinum L. |
III |
VU |
|
15. |
Шпажник черепитчатый, или гладиолус черепитчатый |
Gladiolus imbricatus L. |
IV |
NT |
|
16. |
Касатик сибирский |
Iris sibirica L. |
IV |
NT |
|
17. |
Ладьян трехнадрезный |
Corallorhiza trifida Chotel. |
II |
NT |
|
18. |
Надбородник безлистный |
Epipogium aphyllum (F.W.Schmidt) Sw. |
I |
СR |
|
19. |
Лосняк Лезеля |
Liparisloeselii (L.) Rich. |
II |
NT |
|
20. |
Тайник сердцевидный |
Listera cordata (L.) R.Br. |
II |
NT |
|
21. |
Тайник яйцевидный, или овальный |
Listera ovata (L.) R.Br. |
IV |
NT |
|
22. |
Мякотница однолистная |
Malaxis monophyllos (L.) Sw. |
II |
NT |
|
23. |
Пухонос альпийский |
Baeothryon alpinum (L.) Egor. |
III |
VU |
|
24. |
Осока волосовидная |
Carex capillaris L. |
II |
NT |
|
25. |
Осока малоцветковая |
Carex pauciflora Lightf. |
III |
VU |
|
26. |
Пушица стройная |
Eriophorum gracile Koch. |
III |
VU |
|
27. |
Кострец Бенекена |
Bromopsis benekenii (Lange) Holub. |
II |
NT |
|
28. |
Овсяница лесная |
Festuca altissima All. |
IV |
NT |
|
29. |
Каулиния гибкая |
Caulinia flexilis Willd. (Najas flexilis (Willd.) Rostk. et Schmidt). |
I |
CR |
|
30. |
Каулиния малая |
Caulinia minor (All.) Coss. et Grem. (Najas minor All.). |
II |
EN |
|
31. |
Пололепестник зеленый |
Coeloglossum viride (L.) C. Hartm. |
III |
VU |
|
32. |
Дремлик темно-красный |
Epipactis atrorubens (Hoffm. ex Bernh.) Schult. |
III |
VU |
|
33. |
Горечавка крестообразная |
Gentiana cruciata L. |
III |
VU |
|
34. |
Неоттианта клобучковая |
Neottianthe cucullata (L.) Schlechter. |
II |
EN |
|
35. |
Ива черничная |
Salix myrtilloides L. |
III |
VU |
|
36. |
Камнеломка зернистая |
Saxifraga granulata L. |
III |
VU |
|
37. |
Купальница европейская |
Trollius europaeus L. |
IV |
NT |
|
38. |
Гроздовник ромашколистный |
Botrychium matricariifolium (Retz.) A. Br. ex W.D.J. Koch. |
III |
VU |
|
39. |
Осока волосовидная |
Carex capillaris L. |
II |
EN |
|
40. |
Прострел раскрытый |
Pulsatillapatens (L.) Mill. |
IV |
NT |
|
41. |
Малина приземистая, морошка |
Rubus chamaemorus L. |
II |
EN |
|
42. |
Ломонос прямой |
Clematis recta L. |
II |
EN |
|
Bryophytes |
||||
|
1. |
Паралевкобриум длиннолистный |
Paraleucobryum longifolium. |
III |
VU |
|
2. |
Тортелла извилистая |
Tortella tortuosa (Hedw.). |
I |
CR |
|
3. |
Риччия желобчатая |
Riccia canaliculata (Hoffm.). |
II |
EN |
|
4. |
Неккера перистая |
Neckera pennata Hedw. |
IV |
NT |
|
Seaweed |
||||
|
1. |
Хара грубая |
Chara rudis Braun A. |
III |
VU |
|
2. |
Хара войлочная |
Chara tomentosa Linnaeus C. |
III |
VU |
|
3. |
Хара многоколючковая |
Chara polyacantha Braun A. |
III |
VU |
|
4. |
Нителлопсис притупленный |
Nitellopsis obtusa (Desvaux A.N.). |
III |
VU |
|
Lichens |
||||
|
1. |
Лобария легочная |
Lobaria pulmonaria L. |
III |
VU |
|
2. |
Пармелиопсис темный |
Parmeliopsis hyperopta (Ach.). |
III |
VU |
|
3. |
Цетрелия цетрариевидная |
Cetrelia olivetorum (Nyl.). |
III |
VU |
|
4. |
Пунктелия грубоватая |
Punctelia subrudecta (Nyl.). |
I |
CR |
